SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AND THE LEFT

1997. Discussing PSDB, the paper proposes a definition of what means to be left politically: it means to be able to risk social order in name of social justice. The right always privileges social order. (Paper: Lua Nova)

1996. The crisis of the state interpretation. Economic and political analysis of the crisis starting in 1980 in Latin America. English and French versions availalble. (Book: Editora 34) Nas livrarias

1994. There are three models of capitalism: the American, the Japanese, and the European or social democratic. The choice criterium is efficiency - what will lead Latin American to choose a combination of the social-democratic and the Japanese (developmental) model. As to democracy, it is a end in itself or a means to freedom and peace, not to economic development. Thus, trade-offs between growth and democracy should not be considered. (Published only in this website)

1994. Fernando Henrique Cardoso is not a neo-liberal; the Real Plan involves a major center-left political agreement. The objective is to strength the state. (Note: Monitor Público)

1993. With José María Maravall and Adam Przeworski. The neoliberal economic reforms enacted by Latin Americas and Eastern Europes new democracies have proven inefficient and at times even ineffective. This derives both from a lack of political support and from the dogmatic orthodoxy adopted. This paper corresponds to the Introduction to the book Economic Reforms in New Democracies, 1993. Portuguese version available. (Paper in book by Bresser-Pereira, Maravall Przeworski).

1992. The state is being criticized, on the right, by neoliberals, and on the left, by "logic of capital" Marxists. There is a cyclical aspect in it.(Paper: Lua Nova)

1990. The three versions of the old left (communist, social-democrat, and developmental) are in crisis because lack a growth strategy. Yet, a modern, social-democrataic, left is emerging. (Paper: Lua Nova)

1989. The transition to democracy was an outcome of successful political popular-business pact, but mistaken ideoloiges originated in old nationalism and left populism, and on conservative clientelism, opportunism, social conservatism, monetarism, crude liberalism, and subordinated internationalism represent an obstacle to democratic consolidation and growth in Brazil. Portuguese version available.
(Paper in book edited by Diane Ethier)

1985. From the assumption that Economics is ideologically conditioned, the author distinguishes a conservative from a progressist approach to economic theory and economic policy.(Lecture: Revista de Economia Política)*

1977. The transition to democracy and, gradually, to socialism predicted on the basis of the rupture of the alliance of the bourgeoisie with the military technobureaucracy. (Paper: Contexto).

1972/2006. Two essays on the 1960s' utopic revolutions: the 1968 student revolution, and the poltical revolution of the Catholic Church. Introduction to the third edition on "The counter-revolution of our time". (Book: Editora 34 3rd. edition of 1972 book) Nas livrarias.